What is Deck Footing
Before we explore the
types of
deck footings, let's first define what deck footings are. They are
structural elements buried in the ground that support the posts holding up your
deck. They spread the deck's weight over a larger area, preventing sinking and
uplifting issues that can arise from freeze-thaw cycles and other environmental
factors.
Local building codes may
specify the type of deck footings for your area, as well as the required depth
for the footings.
Types of Deck Footings
When building a deck,
there are several footing options to consider, each with its advantages. Below
are the main types of deck footings to help you choose the right one for your
project.
Concrete Footings for Deck
These are popular because these decks are extremely strong and last a long time. You can pick from two kinds:
- Poured Concrete Footings: This method involves digging a hole in a special box shape made of cardboard or wood. Once you have dug a hole at the appropriate depth, fill it with wet concrete. You can place a metal bracket on top when it dries to hold the deck post.
- Precast Concrete Footings: A simpler alternative, these footings are bought pre-made and require you to dig a hole just deep enough to set the footing in. They generally come with a central metal bracket to hold the deck post.
Buried Deck Post Footings
Buried deck post footings are very similar to concrete footings but don’t require as much labor as the previous one. This footing is specifically designed to support deck posts and follow a similar process where you dig a hole and pour concrete into it when at an appropriate depth. Once the concrete has been poured, secure a pressure-treated wooden post to it.
Helical Piers
Helical piers are a
strong alternative for decks constructed on unstable soil. These long,
screw-like posts get drilled deep into the ground until stable soil is reached;
they provide outstanding support.
Deck Piers vs Footings
You might come across the terms ‘deck piers’ and ‘footings’ when exploring options. Though they serve a similar purpose, there are some important differences that can affect which one is better for your project.
Deck Piers:
These are large concrete
structures that go deeper into the ground compared to regular footings. Because
they extend further down, they can reach a more stable soil base and can
provide stronger support for your deck. This makes them a good choice for bigger
decks or those with multiple levels, where more weight needs to be supported.
They're especially useful if the ground where you're building is uneven or
soft.
Footings:
Regular footings are
usually smaller and don’t go as deep into the soil as piers. They are made to
support deck posts and keep your deck steady, but they may not provide as much
strength for heavier decks or those built on challenging ground. Footings work
well for smaller decks or when the soil is firm and stable.
Choosing the Right Type of Deck Footing
Choosing the right type
of deck footing is important for the safety and longevity of your deck. Each
type has its benefits, so consider your deck's size, weight and soil conditions
when making your decision.
- Soil Type: Asses the type of soil your deck will be on. Soft soils such as clay can’t support heavy weight without wide footing holes. For soft soil, buried post footings work best. In contrast, hard soil can easily support the foundation of your deck. Helical piers work best on hard soil as they screw into the ground.
- Deck Size and Weight: Larger, heavier decks demand stronger footings.
- Weather Conditions: Areas with frequent freeze-thaw cycles benefit from deeper footings like piers.
- Accessibility for Maintenance: Footings should be chosen and installed with future inspections and maintenance in mind.