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How Portable Air Conditioners Work

Lowe's Editorial Team

By Lowe's Editorial Team
Published August 29, 2024

Portable air conditioners are an easy to use and movable cooling solution. They can be installed in rooms where you can’t fix permanent A/Cs. Let us walk you through how portable air conditioners work.

What Is Portable Air Conditioner

Before you understand how portable air conditioners work, you should know what a portable air conditioner is. A portable A/C is a self controlled device that cools a specific area. Unlike traditional centralized A/Cs, portable A/Cs can be moved around easily. They have wheels underneath for moving them from one place to another. They are a versatile solution for quick cooling needs without permanent installation.

Why Choose a Portable Air Conditioner

A portable A/C is a perfect choice for renters and people living in temporary living situations. They are ideal for cooling rooms that don’t have accessible windows for window units. If you have a space where central air conditioning doesn’t reach effectively, a portable A/C can be a perfect fit.

External Parts Of The Portable Air Conditioner

The different parts of portable conditioners function together for the cooling process. Let’s understand the function of different parts of the portable A/C to know how do portable A/C units work:

Expansion Valve

The expansion valve controls the flow of refrigerant from the compressor to the evaporator. The compressor is the high pressure area. Whereas, the evaporator is the low-pressure area. The expansion valve regulates the temperature in these two areas.

Condensation

Condensation refers to the process of moisture removal. It collects the air internally and releases it outside the room. This process contributes to the cooling process.

Accumulator

The main purpose of the accumulator is to hold the refrigerant. And ensure only gaseous refrigerant enters the compressor. It ensures that the refrigerant is in its correct state. The accumulator protects the refrigerant from any kind of damage.

Temperature Sensor

The temperature sensor monitors the room’s temperature. It allows the portable air conditioner to adjust its cooling output accordingly. The temperature sensor ensures efficient operations and comfort.

Internal Components Of A Portable Air Conditioner

Portable air conditioners work by moving heat from inside your space to the outside. This process eventually cools the air inside your home. Several key components inside the portable A/C help with the cooling process:

Refrigerant

The refrigerant is the fluid that flows within the A/C. It is a mixture of gases like propane, ethane, and methane. The refrigerant absorbs indoor heat and releases it outside. It drives the cooling process of the portable air conditioner.

Copper Tubes

There are copper tubes present inside the portable air conditioner. These tubes connect the outdoor unit to the indoor unit. They play an important role in  transferring the refrigerant. The refrigerant absorbs heat from your room, to the rest of the system. Where it can release the heat outside.

Condenser coils

The condenser coils are present inside the portable A/C unit. The condenser coils play a dual role in conditioning and evaporating. It transfers heat from indoor air to the refrigerant and vice versa.

Fins

​Fins are a delicate component of portable A/C. They are made of metal and aluminum. They are placed together in a vent-like pattern. Fins are attached to the coils. These increase the surface area for more effective heat exchange. They absorb heat from the indoor air and release it outdoors. This results in cooling inside your home.

Condenser

The condenser cools down the hot refrigerant after it has absorbed the indoor heat. Then, it transforms the heat from a gas state to a liquid state. Later, it releases the heat outside of the house through the vent.

Evaporator

The evaporator is placed near the room-facing side of the unit. The evaporator allows the refrigerant to absorb heat from the indoor air. Then it cools down the hot air and pushes it back to the room for cooling.

Compressor (The Power Source)

The compressor is the power source for the portable A/C. It circulates the refrigerant between the evaporator and condenser. It allows the continuous transfer of heat from the inside out.

Fan Or Blower

The fan or blower circulates the cool air throughout your home. This component pushes the cool air back into your room. By drawing warm air over the evaporator coils. It facilitates the heat absorption process.

How Do Portable AC Units Work

A portable A/Cs works with several key components and parts that function together. This simultaneous functioning results in cooling the room. The refrigerant moves within the system, absorbing heat from the room. It absorbs warm air from the room inside the unit, passing over the evaporator coils. Then, the air comes in contact with the cold refrigerant. The refrigerant is situated within the copper tubes. It efficiently absorbs the heat and transforms it into a gaseous state. The cooled air is then pushed back into the room by the fan or blower. Which eventually reduces the room’s temperature.

Throughout this cycle, the expansion valve regulates the refrigerant's flow. The accumulator ensures refrigerants flow into the compressor in a gaseous state. The portable air conditioners are designed to condense the moisture indoors. It reduces humidity, which enhances the cooling effect. The temperature sensor monitors the room’s temperature. This adjusts the cooling process as per the comfort level. With the help of these components and parts, the portable A/C efficiently cools your room.

Dual Hose Vs. Single Hose Units

The efficiency of a portable A/C can vary depending on its hose model (dual or single).

How Do Dual Hose Air Conditioners Work

Some models have two separate hoses. One serves as an intake hose, and the other is an exhaust hose. The intake hose draws outside air to cool the unit’s compressor. It also prevents overheating. The exhaust hose releases the warm air outside. This system creates a balanced air pressure. And prevent warm air from being drawn inside the room.

How Do Single Hose Portable Air Conditioner Work

A single hose A/Cs uses one hose to push out the hot air from the room. It simultaneously cools the air inside the room.

Portable air conditioners are flexible and convenient. Understanding how portable air conditioners work can help you make an informed decision on which type is the best choice for your room.

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